2017年人工智能发展报告——人工智能：经济发展新动力.pptx

;;3;4;;Developed economies: The end of growth?;FIGURE 2: PRODUCTIVITY A key measure of how well an economy uses its existing capital and people is “total factor productivity” (TFP). Data show a weakening of TFP, especially in the past 10 years.;FIGURE 3: CAPITAL EFFICIENCY The marginal capital efficiency rate, an indicator of the productivity of capital such as machines and buildings, has steadily dropped over a 50-year period.;FIGURE 5: THE AI GROWTH MODEL Our model adapts the traditional growth model by including AI as a factor of production.;;;12;13;For instance, BMW is collaborating with Chinese Internet search giant Baidu9; Ford is working with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford University.10;15;raising it from 0.8 percent to 2.7 percent. Germany, Austria, Sweden and the Netherlands could see their annual economic growth rates double (see “AI’s potential impact on national growth”).;Labor productivity revival AI has the potential to boost labor productivity by up to 40 percent in 2035 in the countries we studied (see Figure 8). This rise in labor productivity will not be driven by longer hours but by innovative technologies enabling people to make more efficient use of their time.;Number of years for the economy to double in size (a full circle represents 100 years) Source: Accenture and Frontier Economics Overall, AI is expected to unleash remarkable benefits across countries, countering dismal economic growth prospects and redefining “the new normal” as a period of high and long-lasting economic growth.;;;21;22;Address the redistribution effects Many commentators are concerned that AI will eliminate jobs, worsen inequality and erode incomes. This explains the rise in protests around the world and discussions taking place in countries, such as Switzerland, on the introduction of a universal basic income. Policy makers must recognize that these apprehensions are valid.;24;25