九龙工业园水质净化厂建设工程.ppt

Enterobacter sakazakii Case Reports and Outbreaks Involving Infants as Reported in the Peer-Reviewed English Medical LiteratureKarl C. KlontzEpidemiology TeamCenter for Food Safety and Applied NutritionFood and Drug Administration Case Definition- E. sakazakii infection An infant meeting at least one of the following criteria: ? E. sakazakii recovered from 1 of the following normally sterile sites: ? Blood ? Cerebrospinal fluid ? Brain tissue ? Urine ? Outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis and E. sakazakii recovered from blood, stool, or stomach aspirate of 1 infant ? Bloody diarrhea, E. sakazakii recovered from stool in pure culture Number Reports E. sakazakii Infection – English-Language Peer-Reviewed Literature Age group No. references No. cases (%) Infants 20 48 (83) Children (1 yr), adults 7 10 (17) Age group No. cases Percent 0 – 1 month 37 64 1 – 12 months 10 17 1 – 4 years 4 7 4 years 6 10 (median age = 74 yr) Not stated 1 2 (infant, but ? age) Total 58 100 Initial Reports of E. sakazakii infection: Chronology Urmenyi (1961) J?ker (1965) Monroe (1979) Kleiman (1981) Adamson (1981) Muytjens (1982) Jiménez (1982)* Muytjens (1983) Case series (1st study to propose possible link to powdered formula) E. sakazakii Infections in Infants: Selected Clinical Features – Peer-Reviewed Literature (N=48) Gender: 52% female Syndromes: Meningitis (58%), Sepsis/bacteremia (17%); Necrotizing enterocolitis (29%) Overall case-fatality: 33