《Quantum control by von Neumann measurements》青少年教育文学丛书.pdfVIP

Quantum control by von Neumann measurements Alexander Pechen,1 Nikolai Il’in,2 Feng Shuang,1 and Herschel Rabitz1 1Princeton University, Department of Chemistry, Princeton, NJ 08544 2Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS, prosp. Vernadskogo 101, Moscow 119526, Russian Federation Abstract A general scheme is presented for controlling quantum systems using evolution driven by non- selective von Neumann measurements, with or without an additional tailored electromagnetic field. As an example, a 2-level quantum system controlled by non-selective quantum measurements is considered. The control goal is to find optimal system observables such that consecutive non- selective measurement of these observables transforms the system from a given initial state into a state which maximizes the expected value of a target operator (the objective). A complete analytical solution is found including explicit expressions for the optimal measured observables and for the maximal objective value given any target operator, any initial system density matrix, and any number of measurements. As an illustration, upper bounds on measurement-induced population transfer between the ground and the excited states for any number of measurements are found. The anti-Zeno effect is recovered in the limit of an infinite number of measurements. In this limit the system becomes completely controllable. The results establish the degree of control attainable by a finite number of measurements. 1 I. INTRODUCTION A common goal in quantum control is to maximize the expected value of a given target operator through application of an external action to the system.