GMAT阅读历年真题练习下载三十七.docxVIP

GMAT阅读历年真题练习下载三十七GMAT阅读历年真题的练习对于同学们的备考来说是非常有帮助的，所以，GMAT资料下载的小编为大家整理了一些，跟随小编一起来看看吧！　　Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment(5) and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories(10) run by United States companies. This is not the case, Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.(15)Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity(20) levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States.(25) Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.　　A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more(30) effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to(35) occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-l