英语自主招生：2010五校联考试题.doc

第十讲 2010五校联考 2010 年五校合作自主选拔通用基础测试 英 语 Section I Reading Part A Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank. (30 points) Learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences in shaping the way a person develops. __1__ their view, child development is guided by both deliberate and __2__ learning experiences in the home, peer group, school, and community. Therefore, childhood growth is significantly __3__ by the efforts of parents, teachers, and others to __4__ children in desirable ways. According to learning theories, the same __5__ that explain how people can use a bicycle or computer also explain how children acquire social skills, emotional self-control, reasoning strategies, and the __6__ skills of walking and running. One kind of learning occurs whe a child’s actions are __7__ by a reward or punishment. A reward increases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a young child may __8__ draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after __9__ each one. A punishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a child who touches a hot stove and burns his fingertips is not __10__ to touch the stove again. __11__ kind of learning, classical conditioning, occurs when a person makes a __12__ association between two events. For example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing __13__, children fear dogs whose barking has startled them in the past. A third kind of learning __14__ of imitating the behavior of others. A boy may acquire his father’s __15__ of talking, his mother’s tendency to roll her eyes, and his favorite basketball player’s moves __16__ the court. In doing so, he also acquires __17__ about the consequences of these behaviors. Learning theories provide extremely useful ways of understanding how developmental changes in behavior and thinking __18__ and, for some children, why behavior problems arise. These theories