中级微观经济学成本函数.pdf

Chapter 8 第八章 COST FUNCTIONS 成本函数 Copyright ©2005 by South-western, a division of Thomson learning. All rights reserved. 1 Economic Cost经济成本 • The economic cost of any input is the payment required to keep that input in its present employment任何投入的经济成本是保持该投入处 于现行使用状态所需支付的费用 – the remuneration the input would receive in its best alternative employment该投入用于其他用途所能获得的 最大报酬 • 注意与会计成本的区别 – 区别主要在资本成本、企业家才能的成本方面 – 在劳动力成本方面很一致 2 Two Simplifying Assumptions 两个简化假设 • There are only two inputs仅有两种要素投入 – homogeneous labor (l), measured in labor-hours同质的劳动(l)，以 劳动小时衡量 – homogeneous capital (k), measured in machine-hours同质的资本(k)， 以机器小时衡量 • entrepreneurial costs are included in capital costs企业家的成本包括在 资本成本内 • Inputs are hired in perfectly competitive markets投入来源于 完全竞争市场 – firms are price takers in input markets厂商在投入市场上，为价格 接受者 3 Economic Profits经济利润 • Total costs for the firm are given by厂商的总成本为 total costs = C = wl + vk • Total revenue for the firm is given by厂商的总收入为 total revenue = pq = pf(k,l) • Economic profits () are equal to经济利润()为 = total revenue - total cost = pq - wl - vk = pf(k,l) - wl - vk 4 Economic Profits经济利润 • Economic profits are a function of the amount of capital and labor employed经济利润是所使用的资本和劳动数量的函 数 – we could examine how a firm would choose k and l to max