现在完成时语法.pptVIP

现在完成时 一、构成:have / has + 动词的过去分词（done） 被动结构：have / has been + 动词的过去分词（done） 1.已完成的用法： 表示动作到说话时刻已经完成或刚刚完成，这种用法一般不带任何时间状语。 e.g. The air-conditioner has been turned off.空调已被关了。 2. 未完成的用法：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，有today, this week, lately, in the past few days, since, for a long time, so far, up to now等。e.g. He has worked here for 20 years. 3. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，过去的动作和现在的结果相联系。常用的状语：already, yet, just等 China has already made progress in science and technology. 中国在科技方面已经取得了巨大的进步。 4. 在时间或者条件状语从句中，现在完成时替代将来完成时，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。 If you have read the book before I leave, please lent it to me. 如果你在我离开前读完书了，请把它借给我。 用在某些固定句型中 1）在It is +一段时间+ since句型中，主句一般现在，也可用现在完成时。 It is /has been many years since we met last time. 自从上次见面后已经有很多年了。 2）在句型“This/ It/ That is the first/ the last/the only +名词+ that…”中that从句常用现在完成时。 e.g. It is the first time that I have passed the exam. It is the only book that he has ever written. 3. This/ That is the+最高级+名词+(that)+现在完成时。 e.g. This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen. 注意： 1、have been to表“去过某地”，是回来后再谈论去过某地的情况；have gone to表“到某地去了”，此人可能还在路上，也可能已经到达，但一定不再说话者这里。 2含有现在完成时的句中若有时间段，短暂性（瞬间）动词必须换成延续性动词或状态动词。 Harry has got married for six years. 错 Harry got married six years ago. 对 Harry has been married for six years. 对 并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. 我曾在这工作了二十多年。（现在不在这了） I have worked here for many years. 我在这工作许多年了。（现在仍在这） 现在完成进行时 1、一个动作从过去到现在还没有结束，并可能延续到将来。 e.g. I have been waiting for an hour but she hasn’t come. 2、表示一个动作从过去到现在结束了，但中间多次、重复出现。 e.g. He has been calling me for several times over the past three hours. 3、表动作从过去一直持续到现在。 e.g. My clothes are wet. I’ve been walking in the rain. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1 现在完成时强调的时某个动作刚刚完成，或者过去动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可有延续性；现在完成进行时强调动作延续性。 e.g. I have read the novel. 我已经读完这本小说了。 I have been reading the novel. 我一直在读这本小说。 2、现在完成进行时可表动作的重复；现在完成时不可以。 e.g. Mary has phone you, but you weren’t here. 玛丽给你打电话了。（强调对现在的影响） Mary has been phoning you. 玛丽一直在给你打电话。（中间