编译原理-概述.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction Instructor Jianhui Yue Software College @ SCU Office : JC-B321 Outline 1 Conceptions 2 Compiler Processes Overview 3 Suggestions on how to study this course Compilers Compilers are computer programs that translate one language to another . Very complex program from 10,000 to 1,000,000 lines of code. Its input is a program written in its source language. Usually, the source language is a high-level language (C, C++, etc). It produces an equivalent program written in its target language. The target language is object code (machine code) for the target machine. Machine Language Initially, the programs were written in machine language – numeric codes that represented the actual machine operations to be performed. C7 06 0000 0002 moves number 2 to the location 0000. Writing such codes is time consuming and tedious. Assembly Language In assembly language instructions and memory locations are given symbolic forms. MOV X, 2 An assembler translates the symbolic codes and memory locations into corresponding numeric codes. Advantages: Great improvement in speed and accuracy of writing programs. still used today. Disadvantages: Still not easy to write and difficult to read and understand. Machine dependent. High-level Languages Nearly resembles mathematical notation or natural language. Independent on any particular machine. Capable of being translated into executable code X = 2 Need a program that performs translation. Is it possible? Is generated object code efficient? Theoretical Foundations Noam Chomsky’s study of the structure of natural languages. Classification of languages according to the complexity of their grammars and the algorithms to recognize them. Context-free grammars are the most useful for programming languages Study of the parsing problem, which become a standard part of compiler theory. Study of finite automata and regular expressions. Led to symbolic methods for expressing the structure of words of a programming