土木工程专业英语LESSON7PPT.pptVIP

§ Lesson7 Bridge ; Bridge is a structure that spans obstacles, such as rivers and valleys, to provide a roadway for traffic. By far the majority of bridges are designed to carry automobile or railroad traffic, but some are intended for pedestrians only. pedestrian? ? noun a person walking along a road or in a built-up area 步行者，行人 adjective lacking inspiration or excitement; dull缺乏想像力的，平淡无奇的，乏味的; A number of aqueduct bridges, mostly erected in Europe in the 19th century, carry canals and their barge traffic; and at least one bridge, at New York City’s Kennedy Airport, serves to carry taxying aircraft over a highway. aqueduct bridge? ? 高架水渠 verb (taxis, taxied, taxiing or taxying) (intransitive) (of an aircraft) move slowly along the ground before takeoff or after landing: the plane taxis up to a waiting car . take a taxi as a means of transport: I would taxi home and sleep till eight. 大量的高架渠桥于19世纪在欧洲建成，以保证运河和船舶交通的运行。最小的一座桥在纽约市的肯尼迪机场，它主要是把滑行飞机拖到跑道上服务的。;The first bridges built by man probably resembled those still being constructed by primitive peoples in isolated regions. primitive? adj. 原始的, 早期的简单的; 粗糙的原始人, 原始事物 人类建成的首批桥类似于原始人在孤立地带建成的桥。 The tools and building skills of early man, like those of primitive peoples today, were so elementary that he was undoubtedly forced to use easily transportable materials that could be put in place with a minimum of forming and shaping. 早期人类的工具和建筑技术如同原始人类一样都是最初级的，只有应用经过简单加工成型的材料。 ; In rocky regions, stone was used for bridges. Piles of stone were placed at short intervals across the river, providing the bridge piers, and then a path front bank to bank was made by laying flat stone slabs across adjacent piers. A few stone bridges of this type , called clapper bridges, can still be seen in Dartmoor, England ; however , they date only from the Middle Ages or even later. 在岩石地区，石头被用来建桥，横跨河流以很小的间距布置石碓作为桥墩，然后用平坦的石头跨过相邻的桥墩就建成连接两岸的通道，大部分的石桥就是这种类型，叫做鼓掌桥。现在在Dartmoor、英格兰仍然可见，不过它们都建于中世纪甚至更晚。 ;