土木工程专业英语9 10PPT.ppt

Lesson 12Bituminous Surface Courses;In addition, it must offer adequate skid resistance（抗滑能力） in wet weather as well as comfortable vehicle ride. It must also be resistant to rutting （车辙）and to cracking（裂缝）. ;It is also desirable that surface course is impermeable（不渗水的）, except in the case of porous asphalt(多空隙沥青面层). ; Hot rolled asphalt (HRA)（热压沥青混凝土） is a gap graded （间断级配）material with less coarse aggregate（粗集料）. In fact it is essentially a bitumen/fine aggregate（细集料）/filler（填料） mortar（胶浆） into which some coarse aggregate is placed. ; In Scotland, HRA wearing course remains the preferred wearing course on trunk roads（干线道路） including motorway（高速公路、汽车专用公路） but， since 1999 thin surfacings have been the preferred option in England and Wales. Since 1999 in Northern Ireland, HRA wearing course and thin surfacings are the preferred permitted options. ; Porous asphalt (PA) is a uniformly graded（单一级配） material which is designed to provide large air voids（空隙率） so that water can drain to the verges （路肩、边缘）within the layer thickness. If the wearing course is to be effective, the basecourse（基层） below must be waterproof （防水的）and the PA must have the ability to retain its open textured （构造、纹理）properties with time. ; Thick binder films（吸附沥青膜） are required to resist water damage（水损害） and ageing（老化） of the binder. In use, this material minimizes vehicle spray（水雾）, provides a quiet ride and lower rolling resistance to traffic than dense mixtures（密级配混合料）. ;Bituminous Surface Courses; There have been high profile instances where a PA wearing course has failed early in its life. The Highways Agency（公路局） does not recommend the use of a PA at traffic levels above 6000 commercial vehicles（载重车） per day. ;Asphaltic concrete（沥青混凝土） and dense bitumen macadam (DBM) （密级配沥青碎石）are continuously graded mixtures（连续级配混合料） similar in principle to the DBMs used in roadbases(基层) and basecourses but with smaller maximum particle sizes（最大粒径）. ; Asphaltic concrete tends to have a s