土木工程专业英语第三单元PPT.pptVIP

Lesson 3 Components of A Building 建筑物的组成 ;4. surpass 超过，胜过 (1) To be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of 超过权限、权力或能力 (2) To be or go beyond as in degree or quality 在程度或质量上胜过或超过 5. exterior 外部的，外面的 反义词－－interior 内部的 ex－表示“由...出来, 自”之义 如：ex-president 前任总统 14. conceal 隐蔽、隐瞒 conceal sth. from sb. 对某人隐瞒某事 如: He concealed his real motives from me.; Materials and structural forms are combined to make up the various parts of a building, including the load carrying frame, skin, floors, and partitions. 材料和结构形式被组合在一起形成了建筑物的不同部分。包括承重的框架、外墙、楼板层、以及隔墙。 The building also has mechanical and electrical systems, such as elevators, heating and cooling systems, and lighting systems. 建筑物还有机械和电力系统，比如，电梯、供暖制冷系统，照明系统。 The superstructure is that part of a building above ground, and the substructure and foundation, is that part of a building below ground. 上部结构是建筑物在地面上的部分 , 而下部结构以及基础是建筑物的地下部分。 super- 表示“在...上,加之”之义。superabundant 过多的, 有余的; The skyscraper, owes its existence to two developments of the 19th century：steel skeleton construction and the passenger elevator. 摩天大楼的存在归功于19世纪的两个发展：钢结构施工和载人电梯。 Steel as a construction material dates from the introduction of the Bessemer converter in 1855. 钢材作为一种建筑材料是始于1855年贝色麦转炉炼钢法的引入。 Gustave Eiffel(1832-1923)introduce steel construction in France. 工程师埃非尔将钢结构施工引入法国。 His designs for the Galerie des Machines and the Tower for the Paris Exposition of 1889 expressed the lightness of the steel framework. 他为1889年巴黎博览会设计的机器陈列馆和铁塔表现了钢结构的轻质性。; Until the late 19th century, the exterior walls of a building were used as bearing walls to support the floors. 直到19世纪晚期，建筑物的外墙都还是用作承重墙体，以承受楼板传递的荷载。 This construction is essentially a post and lintel type, and it is still used in frame construction for houses. 这种建筑本质上就是柱和过梁的组合类型，它仍然被用在房屋的框架结构中。 Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because