2015物理学术竞赛题A英文版精选.pdf

Team No. 738 The Mystery of Magnetic Train 1 Problem A The Mystery of Magnetic Train Abstract Based on the basic electromagnetism model, this paper gives a sufficiently persuasive explanation of the mechanism of the “magnetic train” and analyzes several relevant parameters that affect the train ’s speed and power. Depending on the law of electromagnetic induction and the distribution of generated magnetic field of solenoid，we build three equivalent models to explain the phenomenon from different perspectives. These models can explain the train ’s motion. By means of theoretical deduction and numerical analysis based on the law of Biot-savart’s law and Ampere’s circuital theorem of magnetic field in a straight solenoid, we conducted a detailed theoretical calculation on the forces that the generated magnet act on the train. Then we discussed several possible relevant factors that affect the train’s motion. Finally, we drew some conclusion that explain the influence and discussed about lifting up the efficiency of magnetic train system. Key words: solenoid; magnetic induction; magnetic distribution; Matlab simulation Team No. 738 The Mystery of Magnetic Train 2 1.Introduction Using only a small cylindrical battery, two groups of button magnets, and some copper coil wire, one can easily make a moving “train”. Both ends of battery need to be connected with button magnets (by magnetic force only). Put the connection into the copper coil and immediately the train starts to travel through the copper “track”. If the copper coil is end to end, the train will go over and over without stopping. The whole movement is amazing for the train’s continuing its fast moving through a long tunnel. Therefore, some questions are raised up naturally that what the mechanism be