海河流域节水和高效用水的对策探讨.ppt

建立基于ET的水资源管理体系 Establishment of water resources management system based on ET 建立以“耗水”管理为主的水资源管理理念 First measure is the change of concept. Traditional management of water supply considers more on water demand than water consumption. Now the core of consumption management is water saving and high efficiency utilization, and the starting point is ET target based on water balance of the whole basin. The final objective is ET reduction. 建立ET管理机构 Second is ET management organization. Water saving and high efficiency water utilization based on ET target of the whole basin is a comprehensive systematic project. To realize the total objective of ET reduction, Hai basin and lower regions should have corresponding management organization. 三、基于ET的海河流域节水和高效用水的对策 Measures of water saving and high efficiency water utilization based on ET 建立基于ET的水资源管理组织实施体系 Establishment of organization and implementation system based on ET 将广义的水资源配置系统纳入流域水资源规划 Water resources planning should consist of large scale water allocation including evaporation. 建立完善主要跨省河流省界断面水量监测站网 Establishment of complete monitoring station network on province boundary section. 建立基于ET的监测评价指标体系 Establishment of monitoring and evaluation system based on ET. 加强对基层人员的培训 More training for fundamental person including farmer and researcher. 三、基于ET的海河流域节水和高效用水的对策 Measures of water saving and high efficiency water utilization based on ET target 因地制宜，采用农业措施做好农业节水 Adoption of measures to improve agricultural water saving based on local conditions 从供水水源和人类能否可控来看，农业灌溉产生的ET占有较高的比重，因地制宜，采取综合农业节水措施是实现流域节水和高效用水的关键。根据海河流域目前农业节水开展情况，从降低蒸腾蒸发量、提高水资源利用率、作物水分生产率和经济投入较小为出发点，推荐海河流域大田作物采取以低压管道+地面闸管+小畦灌溉、秸秆覆盖和选择优良抗旱节水作物品种、调亏灌溉和科学平衡施肥等综合措施做好农业节水。在经济发达地区、城市郊区、经济作物种植区，逐步推广喷灌、滴灌、微喷灌等技术。 ET from agricultural irrigation accounts for a great part of total ET, so comprehensive agricultural water saving measures is the key point of ET target management. In undeveloped area of Hai basin, low-pressure pipe delivery irrigation, gated-pipe irr