疾病和健康中的人类行为.ppt

* * * * The ventral tegmentum (tegmentum is Latin for covering), better known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain (mesencephalon). The VTA, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between.在腹侧被盖是…,称为腹侧背盖区(VTA神经元),是一组神经元位于靠近中线的mesencephalon中脑()。VTA神经元多巴胺能细胞的起源,身体组成的mesocorticolimbic多巴胺系统,广泛参与药物和PFC的大脑、认知、动机、吸毒、和一些精神疾病。VTA神经元的神经元, 包含从前额叶皮质(PFC)脑干和尾之间 的众多大脑部位。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex-Wisconsin card sort test背外侧额叶前部Cortex-Wisconsin卡片分类测验 What is Pick‘s disease?皮克病是什么? Pick’s disease is a cause of dementia similar to Alzheimer‘s disease involving a progressive decline in a person’s mental powers over a number of years. It occurs far less frequently than Alzheimer‘s disease, and usually starts to take effect between the ages of 40 and 65. ?? Damage to brain cells is more localised than in Alzheimer’s disease, and usually begins in the front part of the brain or frontal lobe. The initial symptoms affect personality and behaviour more and memory rather less than those of Alzheimer‘s. ?? In later stages the person becomes totally dependent on others and the condition is very similar to late stage Alzheimer’s. ?? After death Pick‘s disease can be distinguished from Alzheimer’s because there are no ‘senile plaques’ and characteristic changes in affected areas, known as Pick‘s bodies and Pick’s cells, are found. ?? The condition was first described by a German neurologist, Arnold Pick, in 1892. 皮克病是引起痴呆类似阿尔茨海默病，它涉及在一个人的精神力量数年中一个循序渐进的下降。与阿尔茨海默病相比，它出现频繁少得多,通常发生年龄在40和65岁之间。损坏脑细胞比阿尔茨海默病更局部,通常开始于大脑的前部或额叶。最初的症状和行为影响人格和记忆,而低于阿尔茨海默