桁架 TRUSSES.pdfVIP

What is a truss? A truss is a structure (or part of a structure) that only consists of 2-force bodies. 桁架是一种由杆件彼此在两端用铰 链连接而成的结构，它在受力后几 何形状不变。 EXAMPLES OF TRUSSES Truss Configurations Examples by Type 桁架的实例图片(TRUSS PICTURES) TRUSS PICTURES 桁架的连接方式(Connection type of trusses) Analysis of a Truss  Goal: to determine the reactions at the supports and the internal forces  Since all members of a truss are 2-force bodies, we can replace each of them as a force with known direction, and analyze the equilibrium of joints. 平面简单桁架的几点说明  所有的杆件都在同一平面内 ——平面桁架(PLANAR TRUSS)。  桁架中杆件的铰链接头—— 节点(JOINT)。  满足以下假设的桁架——理想桁架(IDEAL TRUSS)。 桁架的杆件都是直的； 杆件用光滑铰链连接； 桁架所受的力（载荷）都作用在节点上，而且在 桁架的平面内； 桁架杆件的重量略去不计，或分配在杆件两端的 节点上。 Assumptions / Requirements The axes of truss members are straight. Truss members are connected at the ends by frictionless pins. A truss is only loaded at the joints. The weights of the members are negligible.  Truss structures are often used because of their simplicity (in analysis) . They are not necessarily superior that others! Statically determinate trusses # unknowns in a truss: Axial force in each member, m Reaction force from the supports, r If the truss is rigid and properly supported overall (2D) r = 3 # equations (2D) 2x # joints (pins), 2j  Statically determinate m = 2j –3  Statically indeterminate m 2j –3 Insufficient members (may collapse), m 2j –3 • 无余杆桁架(静定桁架) (Statically determinate trusses) 从桁架中任意除去一根杆件，结构就活动变形。 • 无余杆桁架(静定桁架) (Statically determinate trusses) 从桁架中任意除去一根杆件，结构就活动变形。 • 无余杆桁架 从桁架中任意除去一根杆件，结构就活动变形。 • 无余杆桁架 从桁架中任意除去一根杆件，结构就活动变形。 • 无余杆桁架 从桁架中任意除去一根杆件，结构就活动变形。 除去几根杆后结构不变形 ——有余杆桁架 • 平面简单桁架 平面桁架是以三角 形刚架（基本三角形）