关于黑洞物理的若干问题 Some Topics on Black Hole Physics（蔡荣根）.pptVIP

In order to be well-defined for the variation, a Gibbons and Hawking surface term has to be added to the action where C is a term which depends only on the boundary metric h and not on the values of g at the interior points. and Consider a metric which is asymptotically flat in the three spatial directions but not in time If the metric satisfies the vacuum Einstein equations near infinity, then M_s=M_t. Consider a boundary with a fixed radius r_0, one has For a flat metric, one has Complex spacetime and Euclidean action For ordinary quantum field theory, make a Wick rotation, Where is called Euclidean action, which is greater than or equal to zero for fields which are real on the Euclidean space defined by the real coordinates. Thus the integral over all such configurations of the field will be exponentially damped and should therefore converge. (2) Quantum field theory at finite temperature To construct a canonical ensemble for a field which expresses the amplitude to propagate from a configuration $\phi_1$ on a surface at time $t_1$ to a configuration $\phi_2$ on a surface at time $t_2$ . Using the Schrodinger picture,one can also write the amplitude as Put and and sum over a complete orthonnormal basis of configurations . One has the partition function for the field at a temperature . One can also express Z as a Euclidean path integral where the integral is taken over all fields that are real on the Euclidean section and are periodic in the imaginary time coordinate with period. (3) Apply to quantum gravity Introducing an imaginary time coordinate , the Euclidean action of gravitational field has the form (The problem is that the gravitational part of the action is not positive-definite.) Canonical ensemble for gravitational fields: One can consider a canonical ensemble for the gravitational fields contained in a spherical box of radius r_0 at a temperature T, by