Lec01-2 Statistics精选.pdfVIP

Citation Program in Applied Geostatistics Citation Program in Applied Geostatistics Fundamentals of Fundamentals of Statistics and Probability Statistics and Probability • Some Definitions • Purpose of Statistical Analysis • Histograms and Probability Distributions • Summary Statistics • Monte Carlo Simulation Basic Definitions Basic Definitions • Statistics: Mathematical methods for collecting, organizing, and interpreting data, as well as drawing conclusions and making reasonable decisions based on such analysis. • Population: Collection of a finite number of measurements or virtually infinitely large collection of data about something of interest. • Sample: Representative subset selected from the population. A good sample must reflect the essential features of the population from which it is drawn. • Random sample: A sample in which each member of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. • Sample space: A set of all possible outcomes of a chance experiment. Lec 01-2 – page 1 More Definitions More Definitions • Inductive statistics (statistical inference): If the sample is representative, conclusions about the population can often be inferred. Such inference cannot be absolutely certain, the language of probability is used for stating conclusions. • Descriptive statistics: A phase of statistics that describes or analyses a given sample without inference about the population. • Event of a sample space: A group of outcomes of the sample space whose members have