膀胱癌的规范诊治与预防.docVIP

精品论文 参考文献 膀胱癌的规范诊治与预防 黄石市爱康医院 湖北黄石 435000 【摘 要】膀胱癌是指发生在膀胱黏膜上的恶性肿瘤。是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤，也是全身十大常见肿瘤之一。占我国泌尿生殖系肿瘤发病率的第一位，而在西方其发病率仅次于前列腺癌，居第2位。2012年全国肿瘤登记地区膀胱癌的发病率为6.61/10万，列恶性肿瘤发病率的第9位。膀胱癌可发生于任何年龄，甚至于儿童。其发病率随年龄增长而增加，高发年龄50～70岁。男性膀胱癌发病率为女性的3～4倍。既往将膀胱黏膜上皮称为移行细胞，1998年WHO与国际泌尿病理学会联合建议用尿路上皮一词代替移行细胞一词，以区别于在鼻腔以及卵巢内的移行上皮，使尿路上皮成为尿路系统的专有名词。2004年WHO《泌尿系统及男性生殖器官肿瘤病理学和遗传学》中尿路系统肿瘤组织学分类中膀胱癌的病理类型包括膀胱尿路上皮癌、膀胱鳞状细胞癌、膀胱腺癌，其他罕见的还有膀胱透明细胞癌、膀胱小细胞癌、膀胱类癌。 其中最常见的是膀胱尿路上皮癌，约占膀胱癌患者总数的90%以上，通常所说的膀胱癌就是指膀胱尿路上皮癌，既往被称为膀胱移行细胞癌 【关键词】膀胱癌；恶性肿瘤 【中图分类号】R699.5 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】1764-8999（2015）7-0728-02 【Abstract】Bladder cancer is occurred in the bladder mucosa malignant tumor. Is the most common malignant tumor of urinary system, is also one of the top ten common tumor in the body. Of urinary reproductive system tumor incidence in China first, and its incidence after prostate cancer in the west, in the second place. In 2012 the national cancer incidence of bladder cancer registration area is 6.61/10, ninth column of incidence of malignant tumors. Bladder cancer can happen at any age, even children. Its incidence increases with age, high-risk aged 50 ~ 70. Male 3 ~ 4 times of bladder cancer incidence of a disease for women. Always will be referred to as transitional cell bladder mucosa epithelium, in 1998 the WHO and the international society of urology pathological advice substitute the term urothelial transitional cell, to distinguish it from within the nasal cavity and ovarian transitional epithelium, make urothelial tract system of proper nouns. The WHO in 2004 tumor of the urinary system and male reproductive organs pathology and genetics of urinary system tumor histological classification of pathological types including bladder urothelial carcinoma of bladder cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, bladder adenocarcinoma, other rare and clear cell carcinoma of bladder, bladder small cell carcinoma, bladder carcinoma. One of the most common is the bladder carcinoma of the urinary tract, acc