Lesson Ten Diogenes and Alexander 现代大学英语电子课件book 3.ppt

* Diogenes and Alexander 1.If the world were to follow Diogenes, what would be the results? 2.Does Diogenes remind you of any ancient Chinese philosopher? Would you like to make a comparison between them? Gilbert Highet (1906—1978) was born in Glasgow, Scoltland, educated at Glasgow and at Oxford, and became a naturalized American citizen in 1951.He was known for his scholarly and critical writing. Cynic and Cynicism (愤世疾俗者与犬儒主义) ： The Oxford English Dictionary describes a cynic as a person “ disposed to rail or find fault “ and as one who “shows a disposition to disbelieve in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions, and is wont to express this by sneers and sarcasm.” In short ,the cynic is “a sneering fault-finder” The ancient school of Cynicism was founded in the fourth century BC by Antisthenes. The Cynics urged both men and women to follow a way of life in harmony with nature and to reject all unnecessary civilized luxuries. They also rejected all social conventions ,customs and laws. 1) What do you think of the person who’slying on the street , shoeless, bearded, half-naked ? ? 2) Are you a cynic person?. Text analysis: Part One(para.1-10) Description of Diogenes as a beggar, a philosopher and a missionary, his lifestyle and doctrine: Cynicism. Part Two(para.11-12) Description of Alexander the Conqueror, who was the greatest man of the time . Part Three(para.13-17) The dramatic encounter of the two , revealing that only these two men were the real free man in the world . Language points: 1.to scratch each other’s backs : 互相挠背（串通一气做互相有利的不正当的事情）． 2.To do business with that country : 和那个国家做生意． 3.publish or perish : 不出版，就完蛋。（西方学界口号）． 4.to found a new religion : 建立一个新的宗教 5.to convert RMB into foreign currency : 将人民币换成外币 6.to seek the truth : 寻找真理 7.to discard the old traditions : 抛掉旧的传统 8.to satirize human vanity : 讽刺人的虚荣 9.to inhabit that island : 在那岛上住人 11.10.to neglect one’s duty : 玩忽职守 12.to escape the consequences : 逃避后果 13.to erase it from o