《管理专业英语》课件CHAPTER-3..ppt

The Changing Environment of Organizations and Managers A certain amount of stability of the environment is essential Adapting to change helps managers meet organizational goals Dealing successfully with change can increase efficiency and effectiveness Environmental factors play a major role in determining an organization’s success or failure General Environment: composed of the nonspecific elements of the organization’s surroundings that might affect the activities of the organization. The effects of these dimensions on the organization are broad and gradual. Task environment : Consist of specific elements of the organization’s surroundings that are very likely to influence the organization (specific to organization, effects are likely to be direct) The Changing Economy Old Economy National borders serve to limit competition Technology reinforces rigid hierarchies and limits access to information Job opportunities are for blue-collar industrial workers Population is relatively homogeneous Business is estranged from its environment Economy is driven by large corporation Customers get what business chooses to give them New Economy National borders no longer define an organization’s operating boundaries Technology opens up organizations and makes information more accessible Job opportunities are for knowledge workers Population is characterized by cultural diversity Business accepts it social responsibilities Economy is driven by small entrepreneurial firms Customer needs drive business Three Waves Changed the World Firstly, Agriculture. Until the late nineteenth century, all economies were agrarian. Secondly, Industrialization. From the late 1800s until 1960s, most developed countries moved from agrarian societies to industrial societies. Third, Information. Information technology is transforming society from its manufacturing focus to one of service The Organization and Its Environment Environment is of critical importance to the success and failure of any organiz