史上最全英语学习大集合--FT Lessons2003.docVIP

管理艺术大师 The master of the art 彼得?德鲁克 是世界上最具影响力的管理学大师。他帮助定义了管理的概念，界定了经理的任务和责任。在这方面，或许无出其右者。 Peter Drucker, is the worlds most influential management guru. Probably more than anyone else, he has helped to define management and the tasks and responsibilities of the manager. 1909年，德鲁克生于维也纳。在德国大学毕业后，他成为一名财经记者。希特勒上台不久，他便离开德国来到伦敦，投身商业银行。1937年，他移居美国。1941年起，他先后任教于本宁顿学院和纽约大学。目前，他已退休，住在加州。德鲁克出版过35本书，并为报刊杂志撰写过大量文章。 Drucker was born in Vienna in 1909. After attending university in Germany he worked as a financial journalist. He left Germany following the rise of Hitler and moved to London, where he was a merchant banker. In 1937 he moved to the US. In 1941 he took up a teaching post at Bennington College and later moved to New York University. Now retired, he lives in California. He has written 35 books and many articles for newspapers and journals. 德鲁克兴趣广泛。20世纪30、40年代，他就资本主义社会写过一系列颇有见地的专著，其中包括对通用汽车管理模式的一项重要研究。从50年代到70年代，他出版的管理学系列丛书，被不少人视为经典之作。70年代末开始，他更加关注科技和社会变革对管理和工商活动的影响。 Druckers interests have ranged broadly. In the 1930s and 1940s he wrote a series of thoughtful books on capitalist society, including an important study of the management of General Motors. From the 1950s to the 1970s he wrote a series of books on management, which are arguably his classic works. Since the late 1970s he has been more interested in the impact of technological and social change on management and business. 德鲁克的著述总是避免谈论管理和组织学的高深理论，而是鼓励经理探讨最基本的问题。我们面对的是什么样的工商活动？我们应该促进什么样的工商活动？他的著名观点是，经理的管理要重结果、轻过程，重产出、轻职能。在他看来，经理应该是组织运转的轴心，而非自上而下进行控制的指挥人员，或带头冲锋陷阵的军官。 Druckers writings avoid formal theories of management and organisation and instead encourage managers to ask basic questions. What kind of business are we? What kind of business should we be? Famously, he urged managers to stop trying to manage processes and instead seek to manage for results, emphasising output rather than function. In his view, managers should be the pivot around which the organisation revolves, rather t