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A Turbo Code Tutorial William E. Ryan New Mexico State University Box 30001 Dept. 3-O, Las Cruces, NM 88003 wryan@nmsu.edu Abstract| We give a tutorial exposition of turbo design a computer simulation of the encoder and decoder. codes and the associated algorithms. Included are a simple derivation for the performance of turbo codes, II. The Encoder and Its Performance and a straightforward presentation of the iterative de- coding algorithm. The derivations of both the per- Fig. 1 depicts a standard turbo encoder. As seen in the formance estimate and the modi¯ed BCJR decoding ¯gure, a turbo encoder is consists of two binary rate 1/2 algorithm are novel. The treatment is intended to be convolutional encoders separated by an N-bit interleaver a launching point for further study in the ¯eld and, or permuter, together with an optional puncturing mech- signi¯cantly, to provide su±cient information for the anism. Clearly, without the puncturer, the encoder is rate design of computer simulations. 1/3, mapping N data bits to 3N code bits. We observe that the encoders are con¯gured in a manner reminiscent of I. Introduction classical concatenated codes. However, instead of cascad- ing the encoders in the usual serial fashion, the encoders Turbo codes, ¯rst presented to the coding commu