oxidative phosphorylation 课件.pptVIP

The other cytochromes are integral membrane proteins Exceedingly difficult to dissociate from the membrane--------less is known about their structure. 在ppt第87页的图中，寡毒素首先作用于FO，使质子梯度得到维持和加强，电子传递受到抑制 （课件上给出的原因是反馈抑制作用）；但这时ADP的积累为什么没有促进电子传递的作用呢 ？为什么只有等到加入解偶联剂后才会出现呼吸速率的上升（电子传递加速）呢？ matrix Addition of ADP and Pi alone results in little or no increase in either respiration (O2 consumption) or ATP synthesis When succinate is added, respiration begins immediately and ATP is synthesized. Addition of cyanide (CN), which blocks electron transfer between cytochrome oxidase and O2, inhibits both respiration and ATP synthesis. (b) Mitochondria provided with succinate respire and synthesize ATP only when ADP and Pi are added. Subsequent addition of venturicidin 杀黑星菌素or oligomycin, inhibitors of ATP synthase, blocks both ATP synthesis and respiration. Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an uncoupler, allowing respiration to continue without ATP synthesis. 课本上在讲果糖-2，6-二磷酸的代谢过程中提到了一种PFK2酶和FBPase2酶，这两种酶是 在一条肽链上，但是催化反应的活性部位不同。似乎催化的是两个可逆的反应： PFK2酶催化果糖-6-磷酸，在C2位磷酸化成为果糖-2，6-二磷酸。而FBPase2酶催化果糖-2 ，6-二磷酸水解成为果糖-6-磷酸。虽然书上说两种酶的催化机制不同，但是，由于酶在反应 中扮演的角色是催化剂，而对反应的平衡常数没有影响，可是书上的描述看来是PFK2明显有利 于果糖-2，6-二磷酸的积累而FBPase2有利于果糖-2，6-二磷酸的降解。难道这种酶对这个反 应的平衡常数有影响？还是当中需要通过别的不同的反应途径？ 课本上P140上图24-29中的malate-aspartate shuttle模型中关于α-ketoglutarate的箭头是不是画反了？ 沈同书上P146 7(7)的那道题，即寡霉素抑制后，电子呼吸传递链各组分处于还原还是氧化形式。 Key： 应该是细胞的具体状态而言。参考答案：电子传递链各组分的还原态的相对量：NAD 100％， 辅酶Q 40％， 细胞色素b，38％；细胞色素C，14％，细胞色素a，0％。 寡霉素抑制后，氢离子不能透过Fo，电子传递链NAD与辅酶Q； 细胞色素b与细胞色素C，细胞色素C与细胞色素a之间，还原量有较大的差别。 ！ Effect of Rotenone and Antimycin A on Electron Transfer Rotenone, a toxic natural product from plants, strongly inhibits NADH dehydrogenase of insect and fish mitochondria. Antimycin A, a toxic antibiotic, strongly inhibits the oxidation of ubiquinol. (a) Explain why rotenone ingestion is lethal to some insect and fish species. (b) Explain why antimycin A is a poison. (c) Given that rotenone and antimycin A are equally effective in blocking their respectiv