3 Nature of Approaches and Methods ( 09本科).pptVIP

Chapter 2 The Nature of Approaches Methods Content Approach and Method Three views on Language 1. Approach and Method (1) Approach : a set of principles, theories, axioms about the nature of language. (教学理论) (2) method: (教学方法) an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based on a selected approach. Eg. The Audio-lingual Method, The Direct Method (3) Technique classroom activities such as drills, dialogues, role-plays, etc. 2. Three view on language 2.1 Structural view It views language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax. Phonetics (语音学) It deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced. Vowels (20) Consonants (28) (2) Phonology (音位学) It is the study of the description of the distinctive sound units of a language. (bear---pear; ship---sheep ) (3) Morphology (形态学) It is the study of morphemes and the form of words. (4)Syntax rules that govern the formation of sentences To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to understand and produce language. 2.2 Functional view 2.2.1 Background Active social, cultural activities in the 1960’s (2) John Dewey’s pragmatic movement ---learn by doing (3) New theories Halliday’s functional grammar; Functional linguistics It attaches great importance to the social aspect of language. It views language as a form of “doing” rather than of “knowing”. Halliday proposed the seven functions: Instrumental function: getting things done Informative function: to communicate information Interactional f.: to get along with people ( 胡壮麟. 语言学教程. P393 ) 2.2.2 Functional view The functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things. Language is used to realize communicative functions and convey meanings. Notions (意念): present