[人文社科]Chapter 2 The History of UK.ppt

Chapter Two The History of UK Contents I. The Origins of the English Nation (5000BC-1066) II. The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381) III. Transition to the Modern Age (1455-1688) IV. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688-1990) I. The Origins of the English Nation (5000BC--1066) I. The earliest settlement on the Island Cave men / stone age men The Iberians(伊比利亚人) from the Mediterranean around 3000 B.C. Stonehenge (2000 B.C. to 1500 B.C.) The warlike Beaker folk, about 2500 B.C The best evidence that the primitive people had showntheir own civilization is the Stonehenge. (史前巨石柱) 2. The Native Celts  They come from eastern and central European, 2000 years ago They began to move into Great Britain in about 700 B.C The Celts are great hunters as well as good farmers The Celts in Britain are believed to be ancestors of Highland Scots, the Irish and Welsh people. 3. The Romans Invasion (55BC-410AD) From 55- 54 B.C., the Roman led By Julius Caesar（恺撒大帝）went across the English Channel and landed in Kent. Between 55 and 54 BC, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice, but didnt succeed. In the next 100 years, Roman made a great contribution of culture and Economy to Britain Till 43AD, the Roman emperor Claudius Ⅰ(克劳狄一世)finally occupied England, and made it became a province of Rome Influence of Roman Conquest They marked the beginning of the written history They brought their Roman civilization (Roman laws, taxes, engineering skills, architecture) They built towns, temples, theaters and buildings; built roads and cultivated land; introduced a system of education and organized government. The Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain. ? Hadrian’s Wall 136 AD 4.The Angle-Saxon Conquest (446--871) Three Germanic tribes from now Denmark and northern Germany: Jutes (朱特人), Angles-Saxons( 盎格鲁人) and Saxons (撒克逊人) Gradual control of the country from 450 100 years later, they fin