[高二英语]语法专题一.pptVIP

* (The Past Participle) 一、概念 　　规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。不规则动词的过去分词详见不规则动词表。 二、过去分词的语法作用 过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。但不能单独构成谓语。 三、过去分词作定语 The Past Participle as the Attribute 1. 用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义。例如： We like skating in the frozen lake in the winter.=We like skating in the lake which has been frozen in the winter. How many finished products have you got up to now? =How many products that have been finished have you got up to now? 2. 来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，这时仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。 a retired worker=a worker who has retired an escaped prisoner=a prisoner who has escaped a faded / withered flower=a flower that has faded / withered fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen the risen sun=the sun that has just risen a returned student=a student who has returned vanished treasure=treasure that has vanished 3. 用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分词相当于一个定语从句。例如： Things seen are better than things heard.=Things which are seen are better than things which are heard. The lobster broiled over charcoal was delicious.=The lobster which was broiled over charcoal was delicious. 四、过去分词作表语 The Past Participle as the Predicative 1. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词；不及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, assemble等，它们用在连系动词之后，表示完成意义，无被动意义。例如： The man looked quite disappointed. He is greatly discouraged hearing the news. His hair is nearly all gone. 2. 已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语，常见的有:accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, frightened, hurt, interested, lost, satisfied, surprised, worried等。 五、过去分词作宾语补足语 Past Participle as the Object Complement 过去分词作宾语补足语，表示其动作已经完成或结束。能用宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，