自动化专业英语Chapter2.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Topics to be covered include: An industrial motivational example; A statement of the fundamental nature of the control problem; The idea of inversion as the central ingredient in solving control problems; Evolution from open loop inversion to closed loop feedback solutions. We will see that feedback is a key tool that can be used to modify the behaviour of a system. This behaviour altering effect of feedback is a key mechanism that control engineers exploit deliberately to achieve the objective of acting on a system to ensure that the desired performance specifications are achieved. A motivating industrial example We first present a simplified, yet essentially authentic, example of an industrial control problem. The example, taken from the steel industry, is of a particular nature, however the principal elements of specifying a desired behaviour, modeling and the necessity for trade-off decisions are generic. Performance specifications The key performance goals for this problem are: Safety: Clearly, the mould level must never be in danger of overflowing or emptying as either case would result in molten metal spilling with disastrous consequences. Profitability: Aspects which contribute to this requirement include: Product quality Maintenance Throughput Modeling To make progress on the control system design problem, it is first necessary to gain an understanding of how the process operates. This understanding is typically expressed in the form of a mathematical model. Feedback and Feedforward We will find later that the core idea in control is that of inversion. Moreover, inversion can be conveniently achieved by the use of two key mechanisms (namely, feedback and feedforward). A first indication of trade-offs On simulating the performance of the above control loop for K=1 and K=5, see Figure 2.5, we find that the smaller controller gain (K=1) results in a slower response to a change in the mould level set-point.