化学专业英语物质命名.ppt

2 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds) 元素与单质的命名 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。 Table 1 Names of Some Common Elements 　 The term element refers to a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. At present 107 chemical elements are known. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example: oxygen = O nitrogen = N magnesium = Mg Some elements, which have been known for a long time, have symbols based on their Latin names, for example: iron = Fe (ferrum) copper = Cu (cuprum) lead = Pb (Plumbum) A few elements have symbols based on the Latin name of one of their compounds, the elements themselves having been discovered only in relatively recent times1, for example: sodium = Na (natrium = sodium carbonate) potassium = K (kalium = potassium carbonate) A listing of some common elements may be found in Table 1. 化合物的命名 化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀 (1)mono-,(2)di -,(3)tri- ,(4)tetra – ,(5)penta- 　(6)hexa-,(7)hepta-, (8)octa-,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。 Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts 1. Single valence ions Cation’s name = Element for example: Na+ Sodium Al3+ Aluminum K+ Potassium Ca2+ Calcium 2.Multivalence ions Cation’s name = Element(N) For example: Fe2+ Iron(II) or Ferrous Fe3+ Iron(III) or Ferric Cr2+ Chromium(II) Cr3+ Chromium(III) Mn4+ Manganese(IV) Mn2+ Manganese(II) Naming nonmetal ions (anions) 1. Monatomic anions Anion’s name = Element’s root -ide For example: Cl- Chloride O2- Oxide Br- Bromide OH- Hydroxide I- Iodide CN- Cyanide S2-