否定结构培训课件.ppt

全部否定句和部分否定句 2. 双重否定（意义肯定） 3. 追加否定句 4. 转移的否定结构 5. 一些难以掌握的否定结构 6.反语等表示的否定 1. 全部否定句和部分否定句 当句子含有否定词no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never 等表达绝对否定的含义时，称为全部否定句。 Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it. No trickery (骗人的东西) can fool us. The book was nowhere to be found. I don’t like either of the novels. (= I like neither of the novels.) Never have we been daunted (吓倒) by difficulties. 当含有全体意义的代词和副词如：all, each, every (及其派生词)，both, always, often, entirely, wholly 等用于否定式谓语的句子中时，构成部分否定句。 All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是黄金。 All the answers are not right. 答案并非全对。 I don’t like both of the novels. 这两本小说我并不都喜欢。 Every one can not make music. 不是所有的人都懂音乐。 Such a thing is not found everywhere. 这样的东西不是到处可以找到的。 A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom. 有学问的人并不总是有智慧的人。 2. 双重否定（意义肯定） 双重否定是指同一个句子里出现两个否定词，即否定之否定。双重否定句表示的意思是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式，也可以译成否定形式。例如： He doesn’t lend his books to nobody. 他的书没有哪个不借。 You can’t make something out of nothing. 巧妇难为无米之炊。 What’s done cannot be undone. 做过的事后悔也没用。 Nothing is nothing at all. 没有一件事是微不足道的。 It is impossible not to do it. 不做这件事是不可能的。 3. 追加否定句 追加否定指的是位于否定句或内容属否定的句子后用于补充否定的一些结构，往往译成“更不……”，“更无”等。主要有这样一些表达方式： 1). much less; still less I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings. 我对于这种行动不能赞同，更谈不上参加了。 He doesn’t like music, still / much less dancing. 他不喜欢音乐，更谈不上跳舞了 注：其他相似的表达方式还有much more (更不必说……)，但只用于肯定句之后，试比较: I didn’t even see him, much less speak to him. It is diffcult to understand his books, much more his lectures. 2). to say nothing of, not to speak of, not to mention, let alone + 名词或从句 He does not know English, to say nothing of German or French. 他不懂英语，更不要说德语和法语了。 I don‘t know algebra（代数） or geometry（几何）, not to ment