[]《英语语用学》3.pptVIP

Lecture Three:  Conversation implicature and cooperative Principles: 《会话含义和合作原则》 Ke Xianbing kxbchina@126.com Central China Normal University 2012-04-14 Teaching outline 1 Notion of conversational limplicature 2 Cooperative principle 3 Types of conversational implicature (1)Standard conversational implicature via observing maxims (2) Particularized conversational implicature via flouting maxims (3)Generalized conversational implicature (4) Features of conversational implicature (5) Importance of Grice’s theory of conversational implicature (6) Conventional implicatures 4. A Sumary Part I: Notion of conversational limplicature In actual conversations, we have assumed that speakers and listeners involved in conversation are generally cooperating with each other. In accepting speakers’ presuppositions, listeners normally have to assume that speaker who says “my car” really does have the car that is mentioned and isn’t trying to mislead the listener . Part I: Notion of conversational limplicature This sense of cooperation is simply one in which people having a conversation are not normally assumed to be trying to confuse, trick, or withhold relevant information from each other. In most circumstances, this kind of cooperation is only the starting point for making sense of what is said. 会话含义是听话人根据合作原则推断出说话人在话语中有意超越字面意义的隐含意义。 Preliminary examples （1） Virginia: Do you like my new hat? Mary: It’s pink. (2) Maggie : Do you like my new dress? Linda: Oh , it’s green. Preliminary examples (3) Phil: Are you going to Steve’s barbecue? Terry: Well, Steve’s got those dogs now. (4). Annie: Was the dessert any good? Mike: Annie, cherry pie is cherry pie. Implicature The additional or different meanings which we observed in the examples are conveyed by means of implicature. 1. I don’t like your hat. 2. I won’t have some coffee. 3. I don’t think I’m going