Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure[心输出量，血流量和血压](PPT-67).pptVIP

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Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure[心输出量，血流量和血压](PPT-67).ppt

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Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure[心输出量，血流量和血压](PPT-67)

Chapter 14 Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure Objectives Explain the intrinsic regulation of SV (Frank-Starling Law of the Heart). List the factors that affect the venous return of blood to the heart. Explain how ADH helps to regulate blood volume, plasma osmolality, and blood pressure. Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and discuss its significance in CV regulation. Objectives (continued( Define TPR and explain how vascular resistance is regulated by extrinsic control mechanisms. Explain the mechanisms by which blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles is regulated. Describe the changes that occur in the CO and distribution of blood flow during exercise. List the factors that regulate the arterial blood pressure. Describe the baroreceptor reflex and explain its significance in blood pressure regulation. Cardiac Output (CO) Volume of blood pumped/min. by each ventricle. Pumping ability of the heart is a function of the beats/ min. and the volume of blood ejected per beat. CO = SV x HR Total blood volume averages about 5.5 liters. Each ventricle pumps the equivalent of the total blood volume each min. (resting conditions). Regulation of Cardiac Rate Without neuronal influences, the heart beats according to the rhythm set by SA node. Regulation of HR (chronotropic effect): May be + or – effect. Autonomic control: Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers to the heart modify the rate of spontaneous depolarization. Innervate the SA node. NE and Epi stimulate opening of Na+/Ca2+ channel. ACH promotes opening of K+ channel. Major means by which cardiac rate is regulated. Cardiac control center (medulla): Coordinates activity of autonomic innervation. Regulation of SV Stroke volume is regulated by 3 variables: EDV: Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole. Total peripheral resistance (TPR): Frictional resistance or impedance to blood flow in the arteries. Contractility: Strength of ventricular contraction. EDV Workload on