被动语态复习学案.docVIP

被动语态复习学案 Teaching aims: 1. 掌握被动语态的构成形式及其特殊用法。 2. 能够在句子中熟练运用被动语态 一. 被动语态的构成形式 　　1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 　　1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 　　例　Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 　　2）has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 　　3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例　A new cinema is bei ng built here． 　　4）was/were done 一般过去时 　　例　I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　 5）had been done 过去完成时 　　 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed　　6）was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例　A meeting was being held when I was there. 　　7）shall/will be done 一般将来时 　　例　Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　 8）should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 　　 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 　　例　The project will have been completed before July. 　　 10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 　　例　He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 　　2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 　　例　The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾例　His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 　　3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构的主语，其余不动。例　Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 　　4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，变为被动结构时，要加to。 例　Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 　　5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词副词也不能省略。　例　The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 　　3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 　　v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 　　例　I dont like being laughed at in the public. 被动语态练习题 1)I