中考英语总复习A4版.docVIP

初中英语总复习（语法） 一、字母 （一）英语中共有26个字母，其中元音字母5个，辅音字母21个。书写格式如下： （二）每个字母是一个独立的单词，他们都有自己的发音。 含有音标 有以下字母 /ei/ A H J K /i:/ B C D E G P T V Z /e/ F L M N S X /ai/ I Y /ou/ O /ju:/ U Q W /a:/ R 以元音音标为首的有 A E F H I L M N O R S X 考题：(以下两题均考查字母的发音) There is __ “m” in the word “monkey”.A the B / C an D a I can see __ “u” on the cover of the book.A the B / C an D a 二、音标 元音音标： 辅音音标： 音标尤如语文里的拼音，其作用之大不言而喻。 三、句子成分 句子的成分共有七种： 主语是一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放于句首。The sun is shining in our faces.I am very interested in English. 谓语或谓语动词是说明主语的动作或状态的，常用动词担任，放于主语之后。She came to school late today.Tom was watching TV last night. 宾语是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象，由名词或相当于名词的词担任，放于及物动词或介词之后。We read English every morning. 补语是用来补充主语或宾语的，一般说明主语或宾语的特征，由名词、副词、形容词、不定式、分词等担任。I found him a fool.He made me laugh.We should keep the classroom clean. 表语位于连系动词之后。John is a boy.She seems very happy. 定语是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词的，由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。He is an excellent boy.Children who live by the sea usually began to swim at the early age. 状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的，由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任。修饰动词时，可放于动词之前，也可放于动词之后，修饰形容词或副词时，放于它们之前。He did badly on exam.Luckily, he was not badly hurt.We played happily in the winter holiday. 四、词类 （一）名词 1、可数与不可数 可数名词 不可数名词 1.可用a/an,数词修饰，有复数a book, a cake 1.不能用a/an,数词修饰，无复数 2.可用some, any, a lot of(lots of)修饰some books, any cakesa lot of pears 2.可用some, any, a lot of(lots of)修饰some food, any meata lot of rice 3.专门修饰可数名词复数的有 many, few, a fewmany books, a few eggs 3.专门修饰不可数名词的有 much, little, a littlemuch water, a little money 4.可用计量词修饰，用复数a basket of eggstwo boxes of booksmany bags of pears 4.可用计量詞修饰a cup of teatwo glasses of juicemany bags of ricea kilo of meat 2、名词变复数 构成 方法 读音 例词 特殊 情况 一般在词尾加s 清后读清/s/ 元、浊后读浊/z/ 1 desk-desks/desks/2 dog-dogs/dogz/ 以s, x, z, ch, sh结尾的词 读/iz/ class-classes box, dish, church, match, watch…… 以f或fe结尾，一般变为ves 读/vz/ 树叶半数自己黄， 妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一只狼， 就像强盗逃命亡。leaf, half, oneself, wife, knife, shelf, wolf, thief, life roofs chiefs reefs