工程力学英文版课件10ShearStressesandStrains.pptVIP

1 The shear stress acts on the cross section in a direction that is always perpendicular to . The force it creates must contribute a torque about the axis of the shaft that is in the same direction as the internal resultant torque T acting on the section. Once this direction is established, a volume element located at the point where is determined can be isolated, and the direction of acting on the remaining three adjacent faces of the element can be show. Power Transmission Shafts and tubes having circular cross sections are often used to transmit power developed by a machine. When used for this purpose, they are subjected to torques that depend on the power generated by the machine and the angular speed of the shaft. Power is defined as the work performed per unit of time. The work transmitted by a rotating shaft equals the torque applied times the angle of rotation. Therefore, if during an instant of time dt an applied torque T causes the shaft to rotate d , then the instantaneous power is Since the shaft’s angular velocity , we can also express the power as The angular velocity is usually expressed in revolutions per minute (rpm). Expressing equation in U.S. customary units, we have Where T = torque, lb in N = revolutions per minute, rpm P = horsepower, hp Expressing equation in SI units, we have Where T = torque, N m N = revolutions per minute, rpm P = kilowatts, KW Angle of Twist Occasionally the design of a shaft depends on restricting the amount of rotation or twist that may occur when the shaft is subjected to a torque. Furthermore, being able to compute the angle of twist for a shaft is important when analyzing the reactions on statically indeterminate shafts. From the previous section, we have, Therefore, Integrating over the entire length L of the shaft, we obtain the angle of twist for the entire shaft, namely, (1) here = the angle of twist of one end of the shaft with resp