[医学]睡眠觉醒研究进展2011.pptVIP

睡眠定义 睡眠过程 睡眠过程 Wake NREM REM 睡眠功能 1.保存能量 2.增强免疫 3.生长发育 4.巩固记忆 Sleep duration and timing Significant sleep benefits are observed after an 8-hour night of sleep shorter naps of 1–2 hours an ultra-short nap of 6 minutes Longer sleep durations yield greater improvements, particularly for procedural memories. A short delay between learning and sleep optimizes the benefits of sleep on memory consolidation. Influence of sleep stages on consolidation Dual-process hypothesis SWS-rich, early sleep consistently benefits the consolidation of declarative , hippocampus-dependent memories REM-rich sleep benefits non-declarative, hippocampus-independent memories ( procedural and emotional aspects of memory) Sequential hypothesis The optimum benefits of sleep on the consolidation of both declarative and non-declarative memory occur when SWS and REM sleep take place in succession 睡眠发生 1.脑贫血学说 2.睡眠素学说 3.睡眠本能学说 4.中医阴阳睡眠学说 5.睡眠中枢学说 1)被动学说 2)主动学说 觉醒系统 Brainstem arousal systems The reticular formatio The cholinergic ponto-mesencephalic neurons The noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons The dopaminergic ventral mesencephalic neurons The serotonergic raphe neurons Hypothalamic arousal systems The posterior hypothalamus The histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons The orexinergic peri-fornical neurons Basal forebrain interleaved wake and sleep systems The cholinergic basal forebrain neurons The non-cholinergic basal forebrain neurons Thalamo-cortical activating system NREM 睡眠系统 1. Ventrolateral preoptic area，VLPO 2. Median preoptic nucleus，MnPN 3. 基底前脑（BF） 4. 脑干内背侧网状结构和孤束核 5. 基底神经节、前脑皮层、边缘系统 6. 丘脑 NREM 睡眠系统 1. Ventrolateral preoptic area，VLPO 2. Median preoptic nucleus，MnPN REM睡眠系统 脑桥被盖背外侧核（LDT）和被盖桥脚核（PPT） 脑桥巨细胞被盖区嘴侧区(FTG) 前脑 海马结构 丘脑 Arousal systems Orexin system Functions Regulation Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters Psychostimulants Others Orexin A promotes the insertion of NMDAR1 and NMDAR 2b in EC Effects on Electrophysiological Characteristics of