航海英语关联题1111.docVIP

关联题1 There is clearly a desire by shipping companies to increases efficiency of the seafarer by the introduction of ECDIS. This is increased efficiency can be achieved “on watch” by having all the navigation in a central source. “off watch” it is increased by reducing the time taken to complete chart updating and passage planning. The MAIB report identifies fatigue of the watch keeper as one of the main causes of marine incidents. If ECDIS reduces fatigue by improving efficiency both on watch and off watch, the system will directly contribute to safety. The same report also stated that the hy