过渡金属的特性85.pptVIP

过渡金属的特性 变价性 配合物 颜色 磁性 From highly reactive metals of the s block to the much less reactive metals of Group 12 and the p block. Trends in Physical Properties All the d-block elements are metals. Most, good electrical conductors. Most, malleable, ductile(延展), lustrous(光泽), silver-white in color. Generally, higher melting and boiling points. 例外: Hg, low melting point, Liquid(RT) Cu, red-brown and Au, yellow. Trends in Chemical Properties The range of oxidation states of each d-metals. At the ends of each row (Sc, Zn), in one oxidation state other than zero. Close the center of each row, in at least two oxidation states (Mn). The second, and third rows, higher oxidation states. A species in which an element is in a high oxidation state tends to be a good oxidizing agent. MnO4-(aq)+8H+(aq)+5e- →Mn2+(aq)+4H2O(l) Eo=+1.51V Most d-metal oxides are basic, the oxides of a given element show a shift toward acidic character with increasing oxidation number. Cr(II)O Cr2(III)O3 Cr(VI)O3 basic amphoteric acidic Cr(III)和Cr(VI)的相互转换 ——元素电势图的应用 Mn的不同氧化态 Rational synthetic reactions to MnO2 2KMnO4 +3MnSO4 + 2H2O → 5MnO2 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4 Manganese nodules (锰结核?) MnO2+KOH → K2MnO4 K2MnO4 + H+ → KMnO4 + MnO2 MnSO4 + (NH4)2S2O8 → MnO2 nanobelts MnSO4 + NaClO →MnO2 nanorods MnSO4 + H2O2 →MnO2 nanorods 2KMnO4 +3MnSO4 → 5MnO2 nanowires Mn2++2OH- →Mn(OH)2 → MnO(OH) nanowires NaMnO2 → MnO2 nanotubes 1-D nanostructures in Manganese dioxides NaMnO2 delta-MnO2 alpha-MnO2 gammar-MnO2 beta-MnO2 Structures of Manganese oxides MnSO4 + (NH4)2S2O8 → MnO2 Wang Xun, Li Yadong, J.Am.Chem.Soc, 2002,124, 2880 Wang Xun and Li Yadong. Chem Commun, 2002, 764 Formation mechanism of MnO2 nanowires From layer structure to nanowires- Rolling mechanism Wang Xun, Li Yadong, Eur. J. Chem, 2003, 9, 300 MnO2 Nanotubes Iron, Fe The most widely used of all the d-metals. The most abundant on Earth as a whole, and the second most abundant metal in Earth’ crust (Al, No. 1 metal). Hemat