历史学专业英语03Useandmisuseofsources.pptVIP

* * * * * The Use and Misuse of Sources: Academic Etiquette Dr Mark J Crowley E-MAIL: MJC83@LIVE.CO.UK Objectives Look at major historical debates Draw out specific issues on how historians work What are the dangers of misusing sources? Fascism v Capitalism Archives brought this debate to the forefront Max Horkheimer – “whoever speaks of Fascism must also speak of Capitalism” Fascism was different in many countries Marxism Marxist theory looks at the relationship between capital and the state Economic and political relationship To prove the theory / assumption that Fascism and Capitalism are linked, you need a different approach David Abraham and Tim Mason Abrahams book (1981) looked at how Marxism and Capitalism was addressed in the political arena. Focus on class interests and political expression. Abraham and Tim Mason looked to unpack the reductive accounts of Fascism and Capitalism “Historically specific” structure of the state. Influence of Henry Turner Challenged Abraham’s evidence and accused him of misusing sources Wrote an article criticising Abraham, supported by Gerald D Feldman and Tim Mason Others supported Abraham Emphasising “historical fact” over “imagination” Abraham was fired from his job Historikerstreit (Historian’s dispute) The interpretation of Germany in World War 2 A J P Taylor: Germans responsible for crimes Marxists: Nazis came to power because of problems with capitalism Liberals: Hitler’s influence was most important The Holocaust in World War 2 Issues Were the crimes of Nazi Germany unique? Did German history follow a “special path?” Were other Genocides comparable to the Holocaust? Were the Nazi crimes a reaction to Russia? David Irving: Holocaust Denier for his own ideological reasons persistently and deliberately misrepresented and manipulated historical evidence” Daniel Goldhagen Hitler’s “Willing Executioners” Jewish and his father survived the holocaust Studies genocide The dangers of sources The conditioning of hist