国际商务ch13.pptVIP

Chapter 13 Organization, Implementation, and Control Learning Objectives Describe alternative organizational structures for international operations. Highlight factors affecting decisions about the structure of international organizations. Indicate roles for country organizations in the development of strategy and implementation of programs. Outline the need for and challenges of controls in international operations. Organizational Structure Companies must change strategies as their structures evolve from domestic to multinational. The basic functions of an organization are to provide: A route and locus of decision making and coordination. A system for reporting and communications. Organizational Designs Types of structures used by companies to manage foreign activities: Little or No Formal Organization Domestic operations assume responsibility for international activities in the early stages. The organizational structure reflects the increased demands from the international marketplace. The export department structure becomes obsolete as the firm becomes more involved in foreign markets. The International Division Centralizes in one entity all of the responsibility for international activities. Best serve firms with few products that do not vary significantly. Coordination is important. Global Organizational Structures Types: Most often used by multinational corporations. Improved cost efficiency is a major benefit. Second most used approach. Follows the marketing concept most closely. Global Organizational Structures(continued) Types: The simplest from the administrative viewpoint. A variation is one that uses processes as a basis for structure. Especially used if customer groups are dramatically different. Global Organizational Structures(continued) Types: Combines two or more organizational dimensions simultaneously. Integrates the various approaches. Most companies find this arrangement problematic. Complexity of this structure may incre