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Cooperative Software-Hardware Power Management Technique 协同软件硬件电源管理技术.ppt
Software-Hardware Cooperative Power Management Technique for Main Memory Hai Huang, Kang G. Shin University of Michigan Charles Lefurgy, Karthick Rajamani, Tom Keller, Eric Van Hensbergen, Freeman Rawson IBM Austin Research Lab Motivation High power dissipation causes a lot problems for many computing systems, especially for large servers High electric and cooling cost Unreliable electronic components Low rack-density Intelligent management of system power is important to ensure these systems can continue to function DRAM: A Power Hog Main memory (DRAM) consumes a significant portion of the total power – which makes it a good candidate to optimize power for E.g., in an IBM mid-range eServer system, around 40% of the total power is consumed by the main memory Outline Motivation Background Previous Work A Cooperative Approach Results Conclusion Outline Motivation Background Previous Work A Cooperative Approach Results Conclusion Background DRAM dissipates power continuously Self-refresh, row/column decoders, amplifiers, data queue, etc. DRAM’s power management capabilities Multiple power states Memory controller is used to implement a simple interface to transition between these states Transitions have non-negligible delays Trade-offs between power and performance Example: DDR Outline Motivation Background Previous Work Software Techniques Hardware Techniques A Cooperative Approach Results Conclusion Software Technique OS can track each process’ virtual-to-physical memory mappings Hardware Technique Allows for much finer-grained control of power Monitors each memory access Predicts when to transition to lower power modes Hardware Technique: Problems Hardware techniques can be easily confused by constant context-switching Different processes would have different memory access behavior, and it takes time for the memory controller to adapt, readapt, readapt… Outline Motivation Background Previous Work A Cooperative Approach Results Conclusion Cooperative Approach Imp
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