Appendix C附录C.pptVIP

Appendix C Manufacturing Information Systems Manufacturing Information System Used to support efforts to produce products Evolution of computer use in manufacturing Systems keyed on reorder points MRP JIT Consists of three input and four output subsystems The Computer as Part of the Physical System Focuses on computer-controlled machines in the production area CAD (computer-aided engineering) Design database CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) Robotics The Computer As an Information System Term “manufacturing information system” used to describe the CBIS subsystem that provides information concerning the production operations Goes by many other names ROP, MRP, MRP II JIT, CIM Reorder Point (ROP) Systems Key Terms Reorder point, stockout, lead time, safety stock ROP formula: R = LU+S Still used by many firms Well suited to retail inventories Material Requirements Planning (MRP) Looks to the future and identifies the materials needed Components: 1. Production scheduling system -- produces a master production schedule that encompasses the longest lead time plus the longest production time. 2. MRP system -- explodes the bill of materials. Converts the gross requirements into the net requirements. Material Requirements Planning (MRP) Components (cont.): 3. Capacity requirements planning system works with MRP system to keep production within plant capacity. Produces outputs: reports and planned order schedule. 4. Order release system produces reports for shop floor and purchasing. Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP-II) The purpose is to integrate MRP with all systems that affect materials management Organizational systems Accounting information system MRP-II Benefits More efficient use of resources Reduced inventories Less idle time Fewer bottlenecks Better priority planning Quicker production starts Schedule flexibility MRP-II Benefits [cont.] Improved customer service Meet delivery dates Improved quality Lower price possibility Improved employee moral