西方工人阶级形成研究的不同路径及其启示-中国社会学网.PDFVIP

西方工人阶级形成研究的不同路径及其启示 刘建洲 内容提要：西方工人阶级形成的研究，深受上个世纪70-80 年代早期劳工研究的影响。 这些关于工人阶级形成的理论与经验研究，基本上可以分为两种路径: “结构式的研究路径” 和“社会史的研究路径”。就其所分析的焦点问题和所关注工人阶级形成的影响因素等方面 来看，这两种研究路径存在着很大的差别。不过，它们都包含着一个明或暗地的关键假设， 即阶级形成的目的论假设——似乎阶级形成的过程，最后结果必然是抵达具备阶级意识和采 取阶级行动的理想状态。作为对这两种阶级形成研究路径的不满与响应，卡茨尼尔森等提出 了一个用于阶级和阶级形成研究的理论框架，该框架汲取了上述两种取向的研究方法的优 点，同时力图避免其缺陷。回顾西方工人阶级形成研究的不同路径及其综合框架，对于理解 和研究中国工人阶级的转型政治及其再形成，颇具启发性。 关键词：阶级形成 结构式的研究路径 社会史的研究路径 中国工人阶级 Different Approaches for Studying the Western Working-Class Formation and Its Enlightenments Liu jianzhou Abstract The studies on the working-class formation in the west have been influenced deeply and profoundly by the labor study in the 1970-1980s.The theoretical as well as empirical works on working-class formation can be classified into two general approaches, one is the structural approach, and another is the social history approach. In terms of the key questions and factors that determine the working class formation concerned, the two approaches are very different. However, both of these approaches have implicitly or explicitly accepted one central postulate, and which is the one fundamental shortcoming they share: namely, the teleological postulate that class formation is necessarily a process of achieving the ideal state of class consciousness and revolutionary action. As a responding to the two approaches, Katznelson et al made a concerted effort to construct a theoretical framework for the study of class and class formation which could capitalize on the strengths but avoid the weaknesses of both of these approaches. Reviewing those two approaches on the study of the western working-class formation and the synthetic conceptual schema for the analysis of class formation, will help us