语法复习-名词性从句.docVIP

语法复习：名词性从句 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句中的连接词有 连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever， 连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 连词that / whether / as if， 1. that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略： （A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略； （B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省； （C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如： He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A) It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… (B) It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ... (C) It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … (D) It seems/happens that。 如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. 2. 注意连接词that与what的区别： that在引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分；what在引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。如： See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning. （what作did的逻辑宾语） What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. （what引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作主语） 3. 注意连接词whether与if的区别： whether可引导所有的名词性从句，if一般只能引导宾语从句。在引导宾语从句时两者常可互换，但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导；此外，whether后可直接用or not, if则不行。如： The question is whether he will accept our invitation and come to our party. （whether引导表语从句，一般不用if代替） Can you tell me whether or not the train has left? （与or not直接连用，只能用whether） 4. 注意名词性从句与定语从句的区别： 名词性从句相当于一个名词，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语等，而定语从句相当于一个形容词，在句中充当定语。 有些连接词如that, which, where, when等，既可引导名词性从句又可引导定语从句；还有些连接词如what, whatever等，不能引导定语从句。如： He promised to do everything that he could do to help us out. (that引导定语从句) He promised to do whatever he could do to help us out. (whatever引导宾语从句) The coat is still where y