第十讲词义辨析.docVIP

第十讲 词义辨析 考点一：动词 1.borrow, lend, keep 1).borrow 表示“借入”， 从别人那里借过来，过后还要还给别人。如： Can I borrow some money from you ? 2)lend 表示“借出”，把东西借给别人，过后别人还要还回来。如： I can lend you some money. 3）keep 表示“留下”，不必要，如： You can keep them if you like. 2.say, speak, tell , talk 1).say 说，述说，是及物动词，其宾语是话语，不能是人，只能说say something,如： He said he was hungry. Did you say anything ? How can you say it in English ? 2) tell是及物动词，意思是“告诉，讲述”，表示“告诉某人某事”，要用tell sb sth,表示“告诉某人做某事”，要用tell sb to do sth, 表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，要用tell sb not to do sth . tell后面时常接人做宾语，如果句中有两个宾语，其中一个必是人。如： Please tell me your secret. He is telling an interesting story/. Tell him not to make much noise. 3).speak 用作及物动词时，表示说话人的能力，其宾语一般是语言或词语之类的词，如： He speaks English very well. He didn’t speak a word. The baby can’t speak yet. 作不及物动词，通常加to 构成“speak to sb”。表示“同某人说话”。如： He was speaking to the teacher. 在会议上正式发言也用speak, 如： He spoke at the meeting. 4).talk谈话，强调交流的方式，是不及物动词，一般指随便漫谈。表示“同某人交谈”要用talk to sb 或talk with sb 表示“谈论某事”， 要用talk about sth。 如： Look! They are talking happily. I want to talk to you about something. He was talking with the police. We talked about music all night. 3.bring,take ,carry, get 1).bring 带来，拿来，从别处，远处带来，如： Mom,I fogot my book.Can you bring it to me ? 2).take 带走，拿走，从身边拿到远的地方去，如： The food smells bad.Can you take it away ? 3).carry 运送，搬运，可以是任何方向的，如： He is carrying a box on his shoulder. 4).get 弄来，搞来，取来，意思同fetch, 动作包含“一去一来‘两趟。如： Get me a cup of tea, please. 4.pay, spend,cost, take 1) pay 支付，花费，只表示花钱，主语是人，常用搭配是pay…for , 如： I paid ten dollars for this new book. 2)spend 花费，用钱，花时间，主语是人。常搭配：spend …on sth 或 spend…in doing sth I spend ten dollars on this new book. I spent ten dollars in buying this book. I spent ten dollars in buying this book 3).cost 花费（时间，金钱，劳力等），主语是物，如：This book cost me ten dollars. 4).take 花费，占用，多指时间，也可以指金钱，主语是物。如：These things take time.常用句型： It takes somebody some time to do something.如：It took me two days to read this book. 5.put on, wear, dress, have on, try on, be in 1)put on 表示“穿上“，强调动作，宾语是衣物，如： She put her ha