机构化变化尺寸（英）.pptVIP

Dimensions of Organizational Change Top Down _______________ Bottom-up Radical _______________ Incremental Discontinuous _____________ Continuous Planned _______________ Emergent OD ----Incremental, gradual, planed changes Organizational transformation---Decisive, rapid,fundamental changes * Chap. 18 Organizational Change Development §18.1 Forces of Change Specific factors acting as stimulants for change * Dynamic Changing environment Technology:IT automation,TQM program, BPR nature of the work force:more cultural diversity, increase in professions,many new entrants with inadequate skills economic shocks:security market crashes,interest rate fluctuations,foreign currency fluctuations competition:global competitions,mergers considerations,growth of specialty retailers social trends:increase in college attendance divorce rate, delayed marriages by young peoples world politics * 2.Managing Planned Change Change:making things different. Planned Change:change activities that are intentional goal-oriented. Accidental occurrence;proactive purposeful the goals:improve the ability of - to adapt to changes in its environment;change -- behavior order of magnitude:1st-order:linear continuous, no fundamental shift; 2nd-order:multidimensional, multilevel,discontinuous, radical Change agents: persons acting as catalysts assume the responsibility for managing -- * 3.What can change agents change? Structure:alter 1 or more of the key elements in --,major modifications in technology:most of early studies dealt with efforts aimed at technological change.introduction of new equipment,tools,methods;automation;computerization physical setting:consider work demands,formal interaction requirement social needs when m- d. About space configurations,interior design,equip placement people: changing the attitudes behaviors of --.od * 4.Resistance to change Individual:habit,security,economic factors, fear of the unknown,selective information p