管理经济学-生意和经济预测.pptVIP

Example: Apartment Rents Given below is a sample of monthly rent values ($) for one-bedroom apartments. The data is a sample of 70 apartments in a particular city. The data are presented in ascending order. * Mean The mean of a data set is the average of all the data values. If the data are from a sample, the mean is denoted by If the data are from a population, the mean is denoted by m (mu). * Example: Apartment Rents Mean * Median The median is the measure of location most often reported for annual income and property value data. A few extremely large incomes or property values can inflate the mean. * Median The median of a data set is the value in the middle when the data items are arranged in ascending order. For an odd number of observations, the median is the middle value. For an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle values. * Example: Apartment Rents Median = 50th percentile i = (p/100)n = (50/100)70 = 35.5 Averaging the 35th and 36th data values: Median = (475 + 475)/2 = 475 * Mode The mode of a data set is the value that occurs with greatest frequency. The greatest frequency can occur at two or more different values. If the data have exactly two modes, the data are bimodal. If the data have more than two modes, the data are multimodal. * Example: Apartment Rents 450 occurred most frequently (7 times) Mode = 450 * Percentiles A percentile provides information about how the data are spread over the interval from the smallest value to the largest value. Admission test scores for colleges and universities are frequently reported in terms of percentiles. * Percentiles The pth percentile of a data set is a value such that at least p percent of the items take on this value or less and at least (100 - p) percent of the items take on this value or more. Arrange the data in ascending order. Compute index i, the position of the pth percentile. i = (p/100)n If i is not an integer, round up. Th