西方投资理论：第三章发达国家基于投资的经济增长理论.pptVIP

Roy Harrod taught economics, and produced his original contributions to the subject, at Oxford between 1924 and his retirement in 1967. Elected to a Lectureship at Christ Church Oxford in 1922, he then spent a few months at Cambridge with J.M. Keynes, with whom he remained in close touch for the rest of Keynes life, and whose official biography he published in 1951.With Hicks and Meade he was among the Oxford economists included in Keynes circle of correspondents. A founder of the Oxford Economics Research Group along with Hubert Henderson and others, his unique contribution in urging a dynamic rather than static approach to economic issues was an Oxford contribution, accepted only later among the Cambridge economists. A delay of two years, (1928 to 1930) in the publication by Keynes, then editor of the Economic Journal of Harrods original marginal revenue curve denied the Oxford economist the primacy in this field.? This sad turn of circumstance was to repeat itself several times in Harrods career. Another independent discovery by Harrod (1931), effectively the long-run envelope of short-run average cost curves, also went unrecognized - the credit being awarded to Viner. In that same article, he laid out the analytical foundations for the theory of imperfect competition - but Joan Robinson took the prize. The laurels for his remarkable multiplier-accelerator model, developed in his Trade Cycle (1936), were given to the mathematically-expressed versions by Samuelson and Hicks.? The equations of the IS-LM model were written down by Harrod (1937), but the (later) drawing of the diagram by Hicks robbed him of his claims to precedence. His 1939 paper on entrepreneurial behavior - one of the first statements of the idea that there are natural selection or evolutionary mechanisms towards profit-maximizing behavior - was largely ignored and left for Alchian (1950) to propose. Finally, another discovery gave him some name recognition: Harrods (1939) Essay in Dynamic