热学课件 ppt.pptVIP

Thermal physics instructor：葛大勇 教材及教学参考书: 1、 《热学》，秦允豪，高等教育出版社，2004年 第 二版； 2、 《热学》，李椿 章立源 钱尚武，高等教育出版社， 1979年第一版； 3、《热学》，赵凯华 罗蔚茵，高等教育出版社，1998 第一版； 4、《Thermal Physics》,C.B.P.Finn, Routledge Kegan Paul plc, 1986； 5、《physics》, Jones/Childers, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2001。 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1.1 the object and method that thermal physics investigate Thermal physics is the science that concerning the thermal moving in material and the regulation contact with heat. It learns with mechanics, electromagnetism and the optics be called physical four greatest pillars in classic physics Thermal physics investigate is a system that constituted by a large numbers of particles. For example: one mole of material includes molecules, supposing a superman to birth with cosmos at the same time, he can count 10 molecules every second, so until now after 16 billion years, he just counted only mol molecules (one year= second). thermal physics has two different kinds of describe methods: macroscopic and microscopic. From observe and experiment summary come out with the thermal phenomenon regulation, constitute macroscopic theories of the thermal phenomenal, be called the thermodynamics. Statistical physics is the microscopic method to thermal physics. 1.1.2 The development history of thermal physics In the ancient Greece:(500 B.C.) (1) Pythagoras: The fire is an independent and essential element of the nature (same with “five elements say”) (2) Plato: The fire is a kind of athletic manifestation At the beginning of 18 centuries, has the caloric theory says The middle of 18 centuries, the first law of thermodynamics: The conservation law of energy; The second law of thermodynamics: Concerning the thermal process is irreversible. 19 centuries, the kinetic theory of gases: heat is performance that molecule sport. the kinetic theory of gases statistics mechanics (