图像处理与模式识别_第四章图像分割.pptVIP

第四章:图像分割 它的主要目的是将一幅图像划分为一个个区域, 每一个区域与一个实际目标相对应 这是一个将一个集合划分成一些子集的基本操作. 每一个子集可能对应着一个目标或一种现象. 对一幅图像而言, 区域可视为连通的和灰度一致的片区 分割方法两类: 第一类是直接构成目标区域,第二类是先寻找边缘来构成域. 目标分两类 : 分割静止目标和分割运动目标 . Segmentation Thresholding Modal Analysis Rubber Sheet Background Estimation (Adaptive t) Optimal Thresholding Iterative Threshold Selection 一些典型方法 基于直方图像门限的 ; 基于边缘检测的方法, 基于树/图的方法; 区域增长方法; 基于点集聚类的方法; 基于概率的方法或BAYES的方法和基于神经网络的方法;基于模糊技术的 和基于相对熵的方法 4.2 Threshold Methods of gray 若在图像中存在背景和n个有意义的目标S1，S2，…,S n。背景的灰度最小，目标间的灰度的差异较大，则可在两两之间差异度较大处设置门限： T0，T1，…,Tn-1，则分割后的图像为： * 贵州民族学院 * 贵州民族学院 * 灰度直方图像的常见情况 ? Goal: To divide an image into parts that are closely identified with objects, surfaces, features, areas, ... of the real world scene. ? Problem: This is (almost always) too hard to accomplish directly. We must try to infer these image-region-to- world-feature identities through an amalgam of photometric and geometric observations on the image, as well as domain knowledge. ? Reality: “Segmentation,” as used in the description of a computer vision system, will typically refer to an initial cut at the problem (perhaps involving lots of processing) that is then passed on to processing for grouping, description, and recognition. ? Departure: Notice that, very soon, we will no longer be processing pixels. We will be looking at groups of pixels, and then quickly, from segmentation to what follows, we will make a transition to processing more abstract entities. ? Segmentation is driven by three sources of information: ~ Global Knowledge What I tend to call domain knowledge. This is what you know about the problem before you start. For example... (1) Analyzing microscopic blood samples. (2) Looking at aerial photos of highways. (3) Robotics, with four types of objects. (4) Automotive collision warning device. (5) Inspection of a known manufactured part. ~ Edge Measures By now you what thes