电子通信英语第一章.ppt

Chapter1 electronic technology fundamentals Unit1 Basic concepts of circuit theory Unit2 circuit components and theirs symbols Unit3 Diodes Unit4 Transistors Unit5 Amplifiers Unit6 Operational Amplifiers Unit7 Logic Gates Unit8 integrated circuits (chips) Unit1 Basic concepts of circuit theory Voltage and Current Voltage and current are vital to understanding electronics, but they are quite hard to grasp because we cant see them directly. Voltage attempts to make a current flow, and current will flow if the circuit is complete. Voltage is sometimes described as the push or force of the electricity, it isnt really a force but this may help you to imagine what is happening. It is possible to have voltage without current, but current cannot flow without voltage. Unit1 Basic concepts of circuit theory Voltage, V Voltage is a measure of the energy carried by the charge. Strictly: voltage is the energy per unit charge. The proper name for voltage is potential difference or p.d. for short, but this term is rarely used in electronics. Voltage is supplied by the battery (or power supply). Unit1 Basic concepts of circuit theory Voltage is used up in components, but not in wires. We say voltage across a component. Voltage is measured in volts, V. Voltage is measured with a voltmeter, connected in parallel. The symbol V is used for voltage in equations. Unit1 Basic concepts of circuit theory Voltage at a point and 0V (zero volts) Voltage is a difference between two points, but in electronics we often refer to voltage at a point meaning the voltage difference between that point and a reference point of 0V (zero volts)[1]. Zero volts could be any point in the circuit, but to be consistent it is normally the negative terminal of the battery or power supply. You will often see circuit diagrams labelled with 0V as a reminder. Unit1 Basic concepts of circuit theory You may find it helpful to think of voltage like height in geography. The reference point of zero height is t